One study looking at BCR examined APC methylation using nested MSP in benign prostate specimens (needle biopsy or TURP) from patients who eventually developed PCa (n = 353) and found associations between APC and risk of BCR in White patients only (n = 206), adjusting for age, tumour stage, GS, PSA level and treatment type [96]. Here, KLK3 is linked to neoplasm.