Such a glycan-based biomarker improves the detection of prostate cancer (PCa) in the PSA grey zone, the discrimination between clinically significant and insignificant cancer, and can significantly reduce the number of unnecessary prostate biopsies and re-biopsies, outperforming current second opinion tests such as percentage of fPSA (fPSA%) and the prostate health index (PHI). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy.