While an increase in proliferation is important for the initiation and maintenance of primary tumors, growth inhibition, as we observed after the depletion of SOX9, could ultimately be crucial for the survival of carcinoma cells during migrative or invasive steps of carcinogenesis, like the extravasation into secondary organs, thereby leading to the development of a more malignant phenotype [32]. The gene discussed is SOX9; the disease is carcinoma.