MAPT and Alzheimer disease: At molecular levels, the underlying mechanisms of AD involve the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides, known as amyloid plaques, and the intracellular formation of hyperphosphorylated tau (Tubulin Associated Unit) protein aggregates, known as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which subsequently induce oxidative stress, chronic neuroinflammation, neuron dysfunction, and neurodegeneration [4,10,17,19,22,23].