A recent pooled analysis of data from six clinical trials investigated the efficacy of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor in HPV+ and HPV- HNSCC patients and revealed that HPV+ patients benefited more from PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors than HPV- patients, including better responses and survival (OS: hazard ratio = 0.71, p = 0.02, overall response rate: 21.9% vs. 14.1%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.79, p = 0.01) [68]. This evidence concerns the gene RPL17 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.