Specifically, they found that when Caco2-human colon cancer cells were treated with a non-absorbable antibiotic and PXR agonist rifaximin, there was a decrease in VEGF, NO, VEGFR-2, MMP-2, and MMP-9 along with inhibition of HIF-1ɑ, P-70S6K, and NF-κB. This evidence concerns the gene NR1I2 and malignant colon neoplasm.