The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for AML diagnosis recommends cytogenetic analysis using karyotype and FISH, in addition to molecular analysis for at least c-KIT, FLT3 (ITD and TKD), NPM1, CEBPA (biallelic), IDH1, and IDH2 genes. The gene discussed is NPM1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.