NLRC4 and shigellosis: Similar to the B6 genetic background, antibiotic-pretreated 129.Nlrc4–/– but not 129.Nlrc4+/– littermates challenged with WT (or BS103) Shigella exhibited severe signs of shigellosis, including pronounced edema, epithelial cell hyperplasia, and disruption of the columnar epithelium of infected tissues (Figure 4A,B).