OX40/OX40L pathway upregulates the antiapoptoticproteins on T cell to increase the cytokine production and memory T cell generation,thus aggravating autoimmune diseases like Graves’ disease, autoimmune arthritis, and uveitis.33 In addition, IL-4 signaling is widely involved in various processes such as Tcell proliferation, activated B cell stimulation, activation of macrophages, chronicinflammation, and wound repair. Here, TNFSF4 is linked to Graves disease.