A study conducted by Khan and colleagues aimed to investigate the protective role of butyrate on islet β-cell function, proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose homeostasis in T1D mice and revealed that treatment with a salt of butyrate (sodium butyrate) enhanced insulin levels and glucose homeostasis, while reducing blood glucose through HADC inhibition and histone acetylation (58). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.