TGFB1 and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: Pathogenic mutations in TGF-β signaling, such as ENG, ALK1 gene mutations, are associated with type 1 and type 2 hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), as well as Loeys-dietz syndrome with cerebrovascular events (McAllister et al., 1994; Cunha et al., 2017; Laterza et al., 2019).