TGFB1 and intracerebral hemorrhage: Genetic disruption of Smad4 in brain ECs leads to increased EC proliferation, impaired endothelial-pericyte interaction and intracerebral hemorrhage, providing a strong evidence that brain endothelial canonical TGF-β signaling plays essential roles in regulating brain angiogenesis and maintaining cerebrovascular integrity (Li et al., 2011).