NANOG and bone sarcoma: Gibbs et al. (2005) first identified and reported osteosarcoma stem cells (OSCs) based on the expression of Oct 3/4, Nanog, and STAT3 in bone sarcoma cells, serving as potential targets for selective noncytotoxic therapy in bone sarcoma patients, which are rather resistant to current therapeutic protocols. OSCs play a central role in chemoresistance and in metastasis, which is the main cause of cancer-related death in patients with osteosarcoma (Yan et al., 2016).