Although levels of the VEGF and HGF increase in serum of myocardial infarction patients (Kubota et al., 2004; Seko et al., 2004; Atluri and Woo, 2008; Huang et al., 2020), it is noteworthy that the amount of these cytokines secreted from the five-layered HSMM sheets co-cultured with HSMFs were much higher, suggesting the ability of the five-layered HSMM sheets in induction of angiogenesis toward the injure site. Here, HGF is linked to myocardial infarction.