HIF1A and tuberculosis: Progressing to human pulmonary TB, RNA transcriptomics of cavitary lung granulomas of human patients with active TB compared to uninvolved portions of the same lungs (Subbian et al., 2015) also demonstrated increased gene expression of glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, monocarboxylate transporters, H+-ATPase, HIF-1α, and its regulators (Shi et al., 2016).