CD4 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: The primary aim of the study was to investigate PD-L1 expression and immune cell infiltrates (CD4+, CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and CD68+ macrophages), distinguishing intraepithelial [intratumoral (IT)] and peritumoral (PT) localization, in surgical resections from early stage NSCLC patients potentially eligible for adjuvant chemotherapy.