Others have also shown increased expression of costimulatory surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, such as MHC-I IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-α in blood-derived plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells, when apoptotic endothelial microparticles are extracted from the plasma of SLE patients (78). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus.