TNF and Sepsis: Consistent with the plasma TNF-inhibiting and IL-10-enhancing actions of adjunctive PTX in addition to GENT in our murine neonatal sepsis model, (GENT + PTX) decreased the plasma TNF-to-IL-10 concentration ratio compared to GENT alone as well as untreated saline controls with simultaneous, early and late treatment in relation to sepsis initiation (Figure 9E), whereas GENT alone only resulted in a non-significant decline in the plasma TNF-to-IL-10 ratio after simultaneous treatment that immediately followed the injection of bacteria.