TNF and Sepsis: Since GENT and PTX both exert different immunomodulatory effects, with GENT primarily decreasing IL-1β and PTX inhibiting TNF and enhancing IL-10, it is conceivable that the combination effect of PTX and an appropriate antimicrobial agent such as GENT provides the greatest suppression of sepsis-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, as demonstrated in our murine neonatal sepsis model.