Although human CD11c− CD123+ pDCs constitute a minor part of the tumor infiltrate, in vitro experiments in murine tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) demonstrated that pDCs potently suppress CD8+ T-cell responses to (i) antigens presented by the pDCs themselves, but also to (ii) third-party antigens presented by non-suppressive APCs (78). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and neoplasm.