- Trp depletion/catabolites drive TCR ζ-chain downregulation in CD8+ cells and induce FoxP3 in CD4+ cells (47) - Drives IL-6 dependent MDSC-mediated immune escape (36) - Associated with enhanced VEGF-C expression and lymphangiogenesis (48–50) - Promotes tumor vascularization (36) - Drives dormancy of tumor repopulating cells (43) - Drives tumorigenesis through NAD+-depletion induced DNA damage (51). Here, VEGFC is linked to neoplasm.