Interestingly, in a rat oral mucosal ulcer model, Nal-P113 increased expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and decreased the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), whereas in an in vitro wound healing assay, Nal-P113 promoted migration of human immortalized oral epithelial cells, indicating that application of Nal-P113 might be an effective therapeutic approach for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (196). This evidence concerns the gene EGF and oral mucositis.