In a randomized trial of patients receiving allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation HSCT, 100-day cumulative mortality and 100-day transplantation-related mortality were lower in patients receiving GM-CSF than receiving G-CSF and after 600 days of follow-up infection-related mortality and invasive fungal disease-related mortality was lower in the GM-CSF group compared to the G-CSF group (355). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is infection.