GLP-1R signaling attenuates the release of the orexigenic neuropeptides Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), and enhances the release of the anorexigenic neuropeptides pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) (95, 96); it increases thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through enhancing sympathetic nervous system activity (97); and inhibits neuronal activity in reward processing areas as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in obese and T2DM patients have shown (98). Here, NPY is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.