VSNL1 and Alzheimer disease: Visinin-like protein 1(VILIP-1) is a neuron-specific calcium sensor protein strongly expressed in the central nervous system(CNS) (14), and penetrates into CSF after destruction of brain cells (15, 16), which is originally studied as a stroke marker and identified as a useful marker of neuronal injury in stroke, Alzheimer's disease and traumatic brain injuries (16–19).