Astrocyte activation (Vargas and Johnson, 2010), microglial activation (Alexianu et al., 2001), and lymphocyte appearance (Engelhardt et al., 1993) have been found in animal models of ALS (mutants of SOD1) (Alexianu et al., 2001; Boillée et al., 2006b) and in ALS patients (Kushner et al., 1991; Kawamata et al., 1992; Nagy et al., 1994; Schiffer et al., 1996; Turner et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.