RARβ is upregulated in the neurons after injury but requires ligand binding activation to sustain its expression levels and elicit a biological response.43, 44 Functional recovery has been demonstrated with the RARβ agonist C286 24 which increase neurite outgrowth in vitro and induce sensory axon regrowth in vivo in a rodent model of avulsion and crush injury,12 and thus has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for the treatment of nerve injury. Here, RARB is linked to injury.