PTH and Osteopenia: In this study, we analysed clinical characteristics of a cohort of 103 Italian children, adolescents and young adults affected by JIA, evaluated the distribution of VDR polymorphisms in these JIA patients versus healthy controls, and studied whether VDR polymorphic variants associate with different disease presentations (active disease vs non-active disease), different JIA subtypes, serum levels of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), and lumbar spine Z-score values (osteopenia vs normal bone mineral density).