The authors found that these differentially expressed miRNAs were potentially involved in many signal transduction pathways, including PRL signal transduction pathways, endocrine and other factors regulating calcium reabsorption, fatty acid metabolism, neurotransmitter-ligand interaction by endocrine function, etc. Finally, they selected three miRNAs (miR-181b-5p, miR-181d, and miR-191-3p) for a further validation on an independent series of four non-invasive NF-PAs and four invasive NF-PAs. Here, PRL is linked to gonorrhea.