TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It is well documented that TNF-α stimulates MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways involved in the regulation of several inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the pathogenesis of different inflammatory conditions including state of obesity [19,20], suggesting the role of ACSL1 and its association with MAPKs/NF-kB signaling pathways in the development of chronic low-grade inflammation.