The fact that the immune system is apparently important to the prognosis of HNSCC patients adds to immune modulation as a potential new dimension of treatment, which has already been approved regarding cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA)-4 and programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 inhibition as an option for head and neck cancer patients [103]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.