TNFRSF1B and Alzheimer disease: These results suggest that TNFR2 signaling may counteract excitotoxicity, which is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) that, like MS, are associated with increased TNF levels in lesioned brain areas [84,85,86,87,88,89].