Since many tumors can express PD-L1/CD274, the rationale of the PD-L1 pathway blockade is to inhibit the immunosuppressive PD-L1/PD1 interaction between tumor cells and T cells that hampers the activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells thereby enhancing T cell-mediated antitumor activities [2,3]. Here, PDCD1 is linked to neoplasm.