HNSCC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) directory (n = 520; [4]) also showed increased CTEN mRNA expression in tumour tissue compared to normal controls (p < 0.0001, Figure 1c), with expression significantly higher in advanced primary disease (pT3/4) compared with early stage disease (pT1/2, p = 0.021; Figure 1d), and in HPV-negative disease compared with virally-derived tumours (p < 0.0001; Figure 1e). This evidence concerns the gene TNS4 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.