The mutational spectrum of CAPs and CFPs was explored by wide exome sequencing; the majority of the top 10 genes involved in CRC tumorigenesis had a mutational frequency higher in CAPs than in CFPs: TP53, FBXW7, PIK3CA, KIAA1804, SMAD2, and SMAD4 were almost exclusively mutated in CAPs [82]. This evidence concerns the gene SMAD4 and colorectal carcinoma.