NLRP3 and Alzheimer disease: Indeed, microglial NLRP3 activation has been shown to be triggered by pathogenic protein aggregates such as β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and α-synuclein (α-Syn), related to the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), AD and PD [63], but also by the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) commonly used to model PD in mice [64].