In the animal model of PD and in PD patients, reactive microglia/astrocytes (intense CD11b/GFAP immunoreactivity and hypertrophy) and increased level of proinflammatory mediators exist in the SNpc and STR, indicating the possible involvement of gliosis-derived inflammatory processes in PD [3, 5, 7, 30]. The gene discussed is ITGAM; the disease is Parkinson disease.