TGFB1 and neoplasm: In contrast, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and TGF-β stimulated M2-like macrophages which induce Th2 responses.5 TAMs enhance tumor angiogenesis, metastases, tissue repair, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and suppress immune responses.6 However, the extremely complicated relationship between TAMs and malignant tumor cells remains a subject of controversy.