Target Hb levels secondary to ESA therapy remain a matter of controversy worldwide, with higher Hb targets (>11.0 gm/dl) being tied to an increased risk of adverse events and no significant improvement in QoL against that of partially corrected anemia, i.e., Hb (9.5 - 11.0) gm/dl [8,10]. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype).