IARS1 and Insulin resistance: In the present study, the effects of trilobatin on glucose uptake and insulin resistance and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in palmitate-treated C2C12 myotubes and ob/ob mice, especially for the regulation of trilobatin on the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and PI3K/AKT, and the expression and translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in cellular and animal disease models of insulin resistance.