CASP12 and urethra adenocarcinoma: The renal index levels and 24-h UAD levels in the H-GSPE group were significantly decreased compared with those in the T2DM group, similar to the study of Gao et al. [14], which explored the protective effect of GSPE through the caspase-12 pathway, but their study had no significant changes in BUN and Scr levels, whereas BUN, Scr, and UA levels were significantly decreased in our study, and this is consistent with the results observed in another study which researched GSPE through its antioxidative activity and anti-inflammatory effects [18].