In this study, we measured the leukocyte mtDNA content, plasma antioxidant enzymes including manganese SOD (MnSOD), copper zinc SOD (CuZnSOD), total SOD, and GPx, and BDNF levels to explore i) whether these biomarkers were altered in acute patients with BD; ii) whether there was a correlation among BDNF levels, SOD enzymes activities, mtDNA content, and clinical symptoms. Here, SOD1 is linked to Behcet disease.