Recent genetic studies suggest a possible link between altered body composition and the development of NAFLD, for example, higher prevalence of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) [G] allele among non-obese individuals, an association between transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) rs58542926 genotype and NAFLD that was independent of obesity, and interferon lambda 4 variant in non-obese nonalcoholic steatohepatitis20,36,37. This evidence concerns the gene PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.