To investigate the synergistic anti-tumor efficacy of combining rAd-p53 and anti-PD-1 antibody in vivo, we employed TRAMP-C2 and Renca syngeneic tumor models for in vivo experiments because significant in vitro cytotoxicity by rAd-p53 was observed only in the TRAMP-C2 and Renca cell lines, not in MBT-2. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is neoplasm.