Finally, we found that the beneficial effects observed on captopril treatment could be completely recapitulated by introducing an Acer null mutation into our AD fly models consistent with Acer being the target of captopril in Drosophila. Interestingly, while ACE orthologs have been identified in Drosophila the RAS, which includes downstream effectors of ACE, including angiotensin I/II and the angiotensin receptor, are not conserved. Here, ACE is linked to Alzheimer disease.