MX1 and cancer: Recently, multiple studies reported that type I and II interferon signaling can compromise cancer cell response to T cell-mediated killing [15, 80], via mechanisms such as upregulation of T cell inhibitory receptor ligands (e.g., PD-L1 and MHC-II) and other cancer-associated inhibitory interferon-stimulated genes (e.g., IFIT1 and MX1).