Finally, Ang-(1–7)/Mas signalling has also been implicated in learning and memory, with Ang-(1–7) increasing long-term potentiation in the hippocampus or amygdala via NO production [159,160], improving cognitive function in diabetic rats [161], or ACE2 activation improving cognition, coupled with reduced neuronal apoptosis, reduced inflammation and increased levels of BDNF, mediated via PI3K, in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) model [162]. Here, ANG is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.