GPR65 and ischemia: While our results support the idea that the TDAG8 expressed in the microglia senses the acidic state of the ischemic region and plays a critical role in the recovery after ischemia-induced brain damage, the involvement of other resident cells, such as astrocytes, and infiltrated cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, in the brain during ischemia cannot be ruled out19,22,23.