The FVC-associated signal at rs17308514 near the gene PIAS1 demonstrated colocalization with one methylation site within the region, and the conditional association signal for severe COPD at rs9920270 near the previously reported CHRNA3/5 signal was also colocalized with a methylation site in MESA (Supplementary Data 21). This evidence concerns the gene PIAS1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.