Animals were given daily oral gavages of live F. prausnitzii (Figure 6(a)), as previously described.8 As expected, F. prausnitzii administration led to significant reductions in markers of colitis with improvements in weight loss and a decrease in macroscopic scores (Figure 6(b)), MPO activity (Figure 6(c)) and a reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ (Figure 6(d)), IL-6 (Figure 6(e)), IL-17A (Figure 6(f)) and the chemokine MCP-1 (Figure 6(g)). The gene discussed is MPO; the disease is colitis.