HCAR3 and leprosy: When we directly compared LCs between a single leprosy biopsy and a single normal skin biopsy from which we performed bead-based LC enrichment (STAR Methods), we detected elevated expression of IDO1, STAT1, HCAR3, and MHC class I molecules (HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-F) in LCs in leprosy infection (Figure 4E; Table S5) (Hunger et al., 2004; Pinheiro et al., 2018).