In effect, robust evidence has shown that pharmacological inhibitors of MMPs can reduce TBI-mediated edema formation, BBB impairment, inflammatory responses, and cerebral ischemia.(14-19,25,33) Alternatively, it is important to consider the apparent positive effects of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in repair and regeneration after nervous system injury.(9,36) As a matter of fact, Danilina et al.(41) studied the neuroprotective potential of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells exposed to inflammatory preconditioning in TBI. Here, MMP2 is linked to brain ischemia.