CTSL and neoplasm: Phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT signaling pathways triggers HPSE expression, and induce epithelial to mesenchymal transition signaling metastasis of hepatocarcinoma.(26) Cathepsin L is involved in the activation of HPSE and both proteins actively participate in the process of tumor development.(27) Moreover, LAIR1 and SIGLEC7 correlate with HPSE, and interaction between SIGLEC7 and HPSE seems to be mediated by tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6) and IL-12β.