KDR and renal cell carcinoma: Between 2018 and 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 3 first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor combination therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC).1,2,3 The dual checkpoint inhibitor combination of nivolumab-ipilimumab was the first to show efficacy, followed by pembrolizumab and avelumab each in combination with axitinib, a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitor.1,2,3 Although pembrolizumab-axitinib demonstrated efficacy by overall survival (OS), avelumab plus axitinib has not.